Treaty Interpretation and Constitutional Transformation: Informal Change in International Organizations

ارزیابی دفاع مشروع پیشگیرانه علیه تروریسم

Abstract Scholars rightly believe that prohibiting the threat to or use of force is the most important achievement of the UN charter. Eventhough Article 51 offers an exception in this regard, the letters and substance of this article are clear about an ‘armed attack’ as a precondition to trigger the right to self-defense. Beside this legal fact, a Preemptive use of force against an imminent ...

Online appendix for: International Treaty Ratification and Party Competition: Theory and Evidence from the EU’s Constitutional Treaty

Constitutional Amendment by Constitutional Desuetude

Scholars have shown that written constitutions may be informally amended in various ways, for instance by judicial interpretation, statute, or executive action. But scholars have yet to fully appreciate that written constitutions may also be informally amended by desuetude. Informal amendment by constitutional desue-tude occurs when a constitutional provision loses its binding force upon politi...

Relationship between the Rule of Law, Good Governance, and Sustainable Development

This paper reviews the relationship between the rule of law, good governance, and sustainable development as those terms are used by the relevant development organizations; describes the efforts made by various organizations to promote the rule of law and good governance; and addresses the need to strengthen compliance and enforcement for sustainable development. A recent movement, which has re...

Moral and Social Challenges Arising from Iran\'s Political Upheavals from the Constitutional Revolution to the Fall of the Qajar Dynasty

Background: The existence of moral challenges resulting from political, social and economic crises is an inevitable issue of any society and government. Challenges are not urgent, they gradually turn into crises, and can ultimately pose a serious threat to the sovereignty. The Qajar government was in such a situation, especially after the Constitutional Revolution. Political crises and its inte...